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NOV  17  1960 


A  LIBRARY  PRIMER 

FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS 


A  LIBRARY  PRIMER 

FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS 


By 

HENRY  ORMAL  SEVERANCE 
LIBRARIAN,  UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 


MISSOURI  BOOK  COMPANY, 

COLUMBIA,   MISSOURI 

1917 


COPYRIGHT  1917 

BY 
THE  MISSOURI  BOOK  CO. 


< 

•>. 

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d 

-3 


CONTENTS 

Preface  5 

Chapter  I.  Parts  of  a  book 11 

Chapter  II.  Reference  Books 15 

Chapter  III.  Book  selection  and  buying  and  accessioning 27 

Chapter  IV.  Classification  and  cataloging  33 

Chapter  V.  Preparation  of  books  for  the  shelves 65 

Chapter  VI.  Equipment  and  supplies 69 

Appendix.     Abridged  classification    73 


PREFACE 

The  Primer  was  first  issued  as  a  University  Bulletin  in  the 
Library  Series.  The  demand  for  the  work  was  so  great  that  the 
first  edition  of  1000  copies  was  soon  exhausted.  The  purpose  of 
the  Primer  is  to  furnish  a  guide  for  teachers  who  wish  to  organ- 
ize high  school  libraries.  It  will  be  found  serviceable  also  to  the 
librarians  of  small  public  libraries. 

The  importance  of  the  modern  high  school  library  is  being 
stressed  by  educators  at  the  present  time.  They  are  insisting  upon 
the  organization,  equipment  and  the  efficient  administration  of 
such  libraries.  The  committee  on  accredited  schools  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri  insists  upon  adequate  library  facilities  as  a 
condition  of  accrediting  high  schools.  The  college  library  also 
must  reach  the  standard  in  size  and  quality  and  efficiency  before  it 
is  given  the  rank  of  a  Junior  College.  The  present  method  of 
teaching — the  laboratory  method — presupposes  adequate  library 
facilities.  In  fact,  no  really  good  high  school  is  possible  without 
good  library  facilities. 

In  preparation  of  this  Library  Primer,  I  have  made  use  of 
similar  publications,  and  am  indebted  to  Mary  E.  Baker  and 
Emma  K.  Parsons,  members  of  my  own  staff  and  to  Elizabeth  B. 
Wales,  Secretary  of  the  Missouri  Library  Commission,  for  their 
criticisms  and  suggestions. 

HENRY  O.  SEVERANCE, 

Columbia,  Missouri.          March  1,  1917.  Librarian. 


CHAPTER  I 

THE  PARTS  OF  A  BOOK 
(a)    Physical  parts. 

If  we  should  dissect  a  book,  we  would  find  that  it  is  made  up 
of  a  number  of  sections,  and  each  section  of  a  number  of  leaves. 
The  sections  are  known  as  forms  or  signatures  and  are  usually 
numbered  by  figures,  the  number  being  placed  on  the  lower 
right-hand  corner  of  the  first  page  of  the  section.  These  sections 
are  made  up  of  sixteen  leaves  in  the  medium  sized  books  and  four 
leaves  in  the  folio  books. 

The  leaves  of  each  section  are  sewed  together.  At  the  mid- 
dle of  each  section  in  the  fold  between  the  two  pages,  the  long 
stitches  are  visible.  These  sections  in  turn  are  fastened  to  each 
other  in  sewing.  In  new  books,  all  the  sewing  is  done  by  machin- 
ery. In  rebinding,  it  is  done  by  hand  and  the  sections  are  sewed 
to  tapes  or  cords. 

In  binding  a  new  book  in  cloth,  the  book  is  pressed,  the  back 
rounded,  and  a  strip  of  thin  cloth,  called  "super,"  is  glued  on  the 
back  to  reinforce  the  sewing  and  to  form  supports  for  the  cover. 
This  strip  projects  about  half  an  inch  each  side  of  the  book.  The 
covers  for  such  books,  called  "cases,"  are  put  on,  and  the  pro- 
jecting edges  of  the  super  are  pasted  to  the  inside  of  the  covers 
forming  the  hinges.  The  blank  leaves  in  the  front  and  in  the 
back  of  the  books  are  called  "fly  leaves."  Then  the  end  paper  is 

(ID 


12  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

pasted  on  over  this  to  the  inside  covers  of  the  book.  The  super, 
which  is  not  so  strong  as  cheesecloth,  is  not  durable.  It  is  espe- 
cially liable  to  break,  on  account  of  the  glue,  when  the  book  is 
opened  violently  the  first  time. 

The  sizes  of  books  are  indicated  as  follows: 
4to=Quarto  10"  to  12"  in  height. 
8vo— Octavo  8"  to  10"  in  height 
I2mo=Duodecimo  7"  to  8"  in  height 
16mo=Sixteenmo  6"  to  7"  in  height 

To  open  a  stiff  new  book,  hold  it  with  the  back  down  on  a 
table,  letting  the  covers  lie  open  so  that  they  also  touch  the  table. 
Open  the  leaves  a  short  distance  from  the  front  and  then  an 
equal  distance  from  the  end,  gently  pressing  them  down ;  open  a 
few  more  leaves  from  the  front  and  again  at  the  end,  and  so  on 
until  you  reach  the  middle  of  the  book.  Do  this  to  ease  the  book 
a  couple  of  times  if  necessary.  Opening  a  new  book  quickly  or 
forcing  it  open  is  liable  to  "break  its  back." 
(b)  The  printed  parts  of  a  book. 

The  principal  parts  of  a  printed  book  are :  the  title  page,  pre- 
face, contents,  text,  and  index.  Frequently  there  are  only  two 
parts,  the  title  page  and  the  body  of  the  book,  as  in  the  case  of 
many  novels.  In  most  books,  the  title  page  is  preceded  by  a  half 
title,  sometimes  called  the  binder's  title,  which  is  often  the  same 
as  the  title  printed  on  the  back  of  the  bound  book.  The  copy- 
right notice  is  usually  on  the  back  of  the  title  page.  Many  books 
have  a  dedication  which  is  on  the  page  following  the  copyright 
notice.  A  few  writers  find  it  convenient  to  put  illustrative  mat- 
ter, statistics,  and  the  like  in  an  appendix.  The  appendix  follows 
the  text  and  precedes  the  index. 


THE  PARTS  OF  A  BOOK.  13 

Title  page. — The  title  page  contains  the  title  of  the  book,  the 
author's  name,  the  publisher,  date  and  place  of  publication.  The 
edition  other  than  the  first  is  printed  on  this  page,  as  is  also  the 
name  of  the  editor  or  translator,  if  it  is  a  book  which  has  been 
edited  or  translated  by  another  writer.  The  title  usually  gives 
an  indication  of  the  contents  of  the  book,  such  as  "Guide  to 
periodicals  and  serials,"  which  indicates  the  content  and  scope  of 
the  book.  The  name  of  the  author  followed  by  a  list  of  his  works 
or  by  the  names  of  the  societies  of  which  he  is  a  member  indicates 
to  a  large  extent  the  value  of  the  work.  The  edition  of  the  work 
designated  as  revised,  enlarged,  etc.  indicates  that  the  book  has 
been  corrected,  or  rewritten,  and  additions  made.  The  term 
"edition"  is  often  used  for  "impression".  The  publishers  may  run 
off  five  thousand  copies  of  A's  History  in  1913  and  from  the 
same  plates  with  a  new  date  on  the  title  page  a  thousand  in  1914. 
This  would  be  a  new  impression.  The  copyright  date  is  the 
infallible  guide  to  the  date  the  book  was  printed.  Publishers  as 
a  rule  secure  new  copyrights  whenever  any  corrections  or  addi- 
tions have  been  made  in  the  text  of  the  work.  The  date  on  the 
title  page  is  frequently  misleading. 

The  name  of  the  publisher  will  tell  whether  one  may  expect  a 
correct  text.  The  name  of  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Company  or  the 
MacMillan  Company,  for  instance,  on  the  title  page  means  that 
the  book  is  worth  while,  that  the  text  is  free  from  omissions  and 
mistakes,  and  that  the  typography  and  paper  are  excellent.  The 
names  of  certain  publishers  are  practically  a  guarantee  that  the 
mechanical  features  of  the  book  are  first  class. 

Preface. — The  "preface",  frequently  termed  "introduction", 
usually  gives  the  writer's  purpose  in  writing  the  book  and,  in 


14  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

general  terms,  the  content  and  scope.  Occasionally,  the  introduc- 
tion is  written  by  a  friend  of  the  author  who  is  in  entire  sympathy 
with  the  author's  aims  and  views.  A  "foreword"  is  another  term 
sometimes  used  for  introduction. 

Contents. — The  table  of  contents  follows  the  preface  and 
precedes  the  list  of  illustrations.  The  table  is  a  list  of  the  titles 
of  the  chapters,  or  of  the  subjects  treated  in  the  book.  The  list 
is  arranged,  not  alphabetically,  but  in  the  order  of  treatment  in 
the  book.  These  titles  are  usually  brief  but  may  be  of  sufficient 
length  to  indicate  the  scope  and  content  of  the  chapters.  The 
classifier  can  usually  determine  from  the  title  page,  preface,  and 
contents  the  subject  of  the  book  and  consequently  the  class  to 
which  it  belongs. 

The  text. — This  is  the  main  part  of  the  book  and  is  usually 
divided  into  chapters.  Explanatory  notes  and  references  to  source 
material  are  printed  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages  in  smaller  type. 
They  are  separated  from  the  text  so  as  not  to  interrupt  the 
thought  with  too  much  detail.  In  case  the  reader  may  want 
further  information,  he  can  secure  it  by  examining  the  references 
given  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages.  The  text  is  frequently  separate- 
ly paged,  but  later  books  run  consecutive  paging  for  preface,  con- 
tents and  text. 

Index. — An  index  is  an  essential  adjunct  to  a  large  work  and 
a  great  convenience  to  a  small  one.  It  is  an  alphabetical  list  of  all 
subjects  treated  in  the  text  with  the  numbers  of  the  pages  on 
which  they  are  mentioned.  "It  is  the  key  to  the  book".  When 
there  are  several  volumes  in  a  work,  the  index  is  in  the  last 
volume.1 

iSee  Ward,  Practical  use  of  books,  p.  8,  for  illustration  of  indexes. 


CHAPTER  II 

REFERENCE  BOOKS 

The  Circular  of  information  to  accredited  schools  contains  a 
good  list  of  books  to  be  purchased  for  high  school  libraries.2  It 
is  the  purpose  of  this  chapter  to  suggest  and  describe  others  which 
are  distinctively  "reference  books".  We  mean  by  this  term  those 
books  which  are  used  in  the  library  to  answer  questions.  They 
are  books  not  to  be  read  through  but  to  be  consulted  for  infor- 
mation. They  are  books  which  are  liable  to  be  used  any  minute 
to  answer  questions.  They  are  books  containing  a  great  many 
facts,  and  include  such  works  as  dictionaries,  encyclopedias,  al- 
manacs, yearbooks,  and  the  like.  This  list  is  somewhat  restricted 
thru  a  desire  to  describe  only  those  which  would  be  recommended 
for  a  small  library. 

Dictionaries.3 

There  are  two  excellent  medium  priced  dictionaries:  The 
New  international,  and  The  New  standard.  The  one  or  the  other 
should  be  in  every  school  whether  a  district  school  or  a  high 
school. 


circular  may  be  secured  by  addressing  Dr.  J.  H.  Coursault, 
editor  of  the  Education  series  of  the  University  bulletins,  Columbia,  Mo. 
3For  an  evaluation  of  dictionaries  see  Lee,  Dictionaries.    Library 
Journal,  V.  39,  p.  179. 

(15) 


16  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Webster's  New  International  Dictionary,  Springfield,  Mass., 
Merriam,  $12.  It  contains  about  400,000  words.  This  work  has 
been  thoroughly  revised.  The  supplementary  material  which  had 
been  published  in  the  Supplement  from  1890  to  1909  has  been  in- 
cluded in  the  main  work.  Statistical  matter  was  added,  and  a  few 
other  changes  were  made  in  1913.  The  supplementary  lists,  with 
the  exception  of  the  geographical  gazetteer  and  the  biographical 
dictionary,  have  been  incorporated  in  the  main  work.  Each  page 
is  divided  horizontally  by  a  heavy  black  line.  Above  this  line  are 
the  words  in  general  use,  below  are  the  unusual,  the  obsolete, 
abbreviations,  and  the  like.  The  definitions  are  concise,  illustra- 
tions ample,  quotations  plentiful,  and  synonyms  good.  Has  7000 
synonyms  and  6000  pictorial  illustrations.  It  is  a  "dictionary  of 
long  standing  and  has  a  reputation  for  all  round  use". 

The  New  Standard,  N".  Y.,  Funk  &  Wagnall,  $12,  is  a  revision 
of  the  Standard  made  in  1913  and  contains  about  450,000  words. 
It  is  full  of  illustrations  and  quotations.  It  is  encyclopaedic  in 
character,  giving  fuller  definitions  than  are  usual  in  a  dictionary. 
Proper  names  and  abbreviations  are  included  in  the  body  of  the 
dictionary.  Has  7500  synonyms  and  7000  pictorial  illustrations. 
"A  popularly  arranged  and  good  all  round  dictionary,  particularly 
for  office  and  journalistic  use." 

The  Century  dictionary  and  encyclopaedia,  N.  Y.,  Century  Co., 
$75,  revised  in  1911,  has  been  placed  on  the  market  at  a  great  re- 
duction, owing  to  the  publisher's  discontinuing  the  work.  It  is 
a  scholarly  work  containing  dictionary  and  encyclopaedic  features, 
cyclopaedia  of  names,  and  an  atlas.  It  contains  about  500,000 
words,  is  rich  in  quotations,  and  well  illustrated.  Has  7000 


REFERENCE  BOOKS.  17 

synonyms.  It  is  worth  while  for  the  small  school  libraries,  and 
is  indispensable  for  the  larger  libraries.  It  can  be  purchased  now 
for  about  $30  in  buckram  binding. 

Encyclopaedias.4 

The  encyclopaedia  differs  from  the  dictionary  in  that  the  for- 
mer treats  subjects,  the  latter  words.  The  two  are  somewhat 
combined  in  the  Century  dictionary  and  encyclopaedia.  The 
whole  realm  of  knowledge  is  the  province  of  the  encyclopaedist. 
It  is  a  "work  in  which  the  various  topics  included  under  several 
or  all  branches  of  knowledge  are  treated  separately".  The 
modern  general  encyclopaedia  is  alphabetical  in  arrangement,  and 
treats  40,000  to  80,000  different  subjects.  For  reference  work, 
the  encyclopaedia  is  the  indispensable  tool.  Every  library,  there- 
fore, should  have  a  good  encyclopaedia. 

New  International  Encyclopaedia,  ed.  2,  24  volumes,  N.  Y., 
and  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  $120.  This  work  was 
thoroughly  revised  1914-16.  It  is  a  scholarly  work,  carefully 
edited,  with  excellent  maps  and  illustrations,  is  popular  in  its 
treatment  of  technical  subjects,  embraces  about  80,000  topics,  is 
full  of  cross  references,  and  is  first  class  in  every  way  and  un- 
surpassed as  a  ready  reference  work.  The  work  will  be  kept  up 
to  date  by  the  New  international  yearbooks.  "Its  strength  is  in 
its  all-roundness". 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica,  ed.  11,  1910,  29  volumes,  N.  Y., 
Cambridge  University  Press,  $135.  This  is  a  standard  scholarly 

«For  a  critical  comparison  of  Encyclopaedias  see  Lee,  Reference 
Books,    Library  Journal,  V.  38,  p.  587. 
2 


18  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

work  of  reference.  The  articles  were  rewritten  for  this  edition. 
The  larger  subjects  like  geology  have  broken  up  in  smaller  divis- 
ions. It  still  retains  many  monographic  features.  The  whole 
work  is  indexed  in  volume  29.  It  is,  therefore,  a  scholarly  re- 
ference work,  but  not  a  ready  reference  work  in  the  sense  that 
the  New  international  encyclopaedia  is. 

There  are  several  cheaper  encyclopaedias  which  have  worth. 
If  a  library  cannot  afford  one  of  the  encyclopaedias  described 
above  it  might  purchase  Appleton's  New  practical  cyclopaedia, 
six  volumes,  N.  Y.,  1910.  $18.  This  is  a  small  popular  work. 

Indexes  to  Periodicals. 

The  value  of  periodical  material  is  greatly  enhanced  by  in- 
dexes. The  index  is  a  key  to  the  articles  published  in  the  journals 
analyzed.  There  are  indexes  covering  the  several  fields  of  knowl- 
edge, but  the  indexes  to  general  literature  are  the  only  ones 
recommended  to  small  libraries. 

Poole's  index  to  periodical  literature. — Abridged  in  one  volume. 
Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  $12.  This  indexed  37  maga- 
zines from  1815  to  1899  and  with  a  supplement,  1899-1905,  $5, 
brings  the  titles  up  to  1905. 

Readers'  guide  to  periodical  literature,  White  Plains,  N.  Y., 
The  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  This  contains  an  author  and  a  subject 
index  to  sixty-two  magazines  and  to  a  considerable  number  of 
books.  It  is  published  monthly  with  monthly,  quarterly  and 
yearly  cumulations,  at  $12  a  year.  The  quarterly  numbers  may 
be  furnished  to  libraries  which  receive  currently  not  more  than 
twenty  periodicals  indexed  in  the  Guide,  for  $4  a  year.  The 


REFERENCE  BOOKS.  19 

annual  Eclectic  catalog  which  preceded  the  Quarterly  cumulations 
of  the  Guide,  could  be  purchased  from  the  H.  W.  Wilson  Com- 
pany for  $3.50.  The  work  beginning  in  1908  together  with  the 
quarterly  numbers  of  the  Guide  would  be  sufficient  for  the  small 
library. 

The  Poole  indexes,  not  abridged,  and  the  Readers'  guide 
with  its  supplement  and- monthly  cumulations  are  indispensable 
in  the  larger  libraries. 

Information,  $2  a  year,  N.  Y.,  R.  R.  Bowker  Company.  This 
periodical  is  a  continuation  of  Index  to  dates  of  current  events. 
It  gives  information  on  current  events  and  references  to  dates 
when  the  material  appeared  in  the  newspapers. 

Other  good  indexes  are: 

Readers'  guide  supplement,  which  indexed  74  periodicals  not 
covered  by  the  indexes  listed  above,  and  published  by  the  H.  W. 
Wilson  Company,  White  Plains,  N.  Y.5 

Industrial  arts  index,  a  subject  index  to  a  selected  list  of  en- 
gineering and  trade  periodicals  and  published  by  the  H.  W.  Wil- 
son Company,  White  Plains,  N.  Y.5 

A.  L.  A.  Index  to  general  literature,  which  indexes  books  of  a 
composite  nature  like  essays,  monographs,  papers,  etc.  Published 
by  American  Library  Association,  Chicago.  1911.  $6.  Supple- 
ment 1914,  $4. 

Guide  to  Current  periodicals  and  serials  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  1914.  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  George  Wahr,  .$2.50.  Part  1 

sPrice  depends  upon  the  number  of  magazines  Indexed,  which  are 
received  by  the  subscribing  library. 


20  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

is  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  periodicals  with  publisher,  place  and 
date  of  publication.  Part  2  is  a  classified  list  of  the  periodicals 
given  in  part  1. 

Sociology. 

Bliss,  New  encyclopaedia  of  social  reform. — N.  Y.,  Funk  Wag- 
nail,  $7.50.  Recent  information  on  social  problems  will  be  found 
in  the  current  magazines  such  as  the  Survey  and  the  American 
journal  of  sociology.  The  encyclopaedia  is  a  compact  work  of 
reference,  designed  for  workers  and  students  of  social  reform. 
It  was  written  by  specialists  and  contains  references  on  the  topics 
discussed. 

A  Guide  to  reading  in  social  ethics  and  allied  subjects. — Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  Harvard  University,  $1.25.  The  purpose  of  the 
work  is  to  give  a  selected  list  of  books  on  such  subjects  as  social 
institutions,  social  service,  industrial  education,  immigration,  re- 
ligious education,  etc.  The  descriptive  notes  following  the  titles 
of  the  books  indicate  the  value  of  the  works. 

Statistics,  Annuals,  etc. 

Current  statistics  are  found  in  periodicals  and  the  annual 
publications  described  below. 

World  almanac,  60  cents  in  cloth  binding,  N.  Y.,  The  World. 
Annual.  This  is  probably  the  most  useful  book  in  the  library  and 
should  be  in  every  school.  It  covers  practically  every  topic  on 
which  one  wishes  statistical  information. 

Statesman's  year  book,  N.  Y.,  MacMillan  Co.,  $3.50.  Annual. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  important  year  books.  It  gives  descriptive 


REFERENCE  BOOKS.  21 

and  statistical  information  in  regard  to  all  the  countries  of  the 
world  such  as  area,  population,  government  officials,  education,  re- 
ligion, finance,  production,  commerce  and  the  like. 

The  statistical  abstract  of  the  United  States.  Free.  This  is 
published  annually  and  is  the  most  useful  summary  of  statistics 
relating  to  the  United  States. 

U.  S.  Census  office.  Abstract  of  the  13th  census. — Free.  Con- 
tains in  condensed  form  the  principal  statistics  of  the  1910  census 
on  population,  agriculture,  manufacturing,  and  mining.  Many 
libraries  will  find  the  ten  volumes  of  the  13th  census  and  the  cen- 
sus reports  on  special  subjects  very  useful. 

TJ.  S.  Congress.  Official  congressional  directory. — Free.  A  new 
issue  is  published  at  the  beginning  of  each  session  of  Congress. 
It  contains  names  and  addresses  of  congressmen  and  other  govern- 
ment officials,  including  U.  S.  consuls  and  foreign  consuls  in  the 
United  States. 

These  government  publications  may  be  secured  through  rep- 
resentatives and  senators  in  Congress. 

Wyer,  J.  I.  jr.  U.  S  Government  documents  in  small  libraries, 
Chicago,  American  Library  Association,  $0.15.  Gives  method  of 
securing  documents  and  descriptive  list  of  documents  suitable  to 
smaller  libraries. 

Yearbooks. 

American  yearbook  published  annually,  N.  Y.,  Appleton  & 
Co.  $3. 

Arranged  in  33  departments  in  which  are  grouped  articles  on 
related  subjects. 


22  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


New  international  yearbook  published  annually.  N.  Y.  and 
Kansas  City.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  Complete  review  of  the  events 
of  the  year  arranged  alphabetically  by  subjects.  Well  illustrated, 
excellent  maps.  $5  cloth.  $6  library  buckram. 

Missouri  blue  book. — Official  manual  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
published  annually  by  the  Secretary  of  State.  Free.  Should  be 
in  every  library  in  the  state.  It  is  a  comprehensive  work  giving 
biographical  sketches  of  all  state  officers,  the  departments  of  the 
state  government,  the  state  institutions,  political  parties,  fete.  It 
is  a  handbook  of  information  on  Missouri. 

Missouri  red  book,  published  annually  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics.  Free.  Gives  information  on  labor  resources,  ad- 
vantages, opportunities,  and  production  of  the  State. 

Other  States  publish  similar  reference  books. 

Education. 

Monroe,  Paul,  Cyclopedia  of  education,  5  volumes,  The  Mac- 
Millan  Company,  $25.  The  best  work  of  its  kind. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  education,  Washington  D.  C.  Bulletins  and 
annual  reports.  These  can  be  had  from  the  Bureau  on  request. 
They  contain  useful  material  for  any  library. 

Useful  Arts. 

Hopkins,  A.  A.,  Scientific  American  cyclopaedia  of  formulas, 
N.  Y.,  Munn  &  Co.  $5.  15000  recipes  and  formulas  used  in  the 
trades,  arts  and  household.  Covers  such  subjects  as  inks,  vermin 
exterminators,  dyes,  bleaches,  garment  cleaning,  photographic 
formulas,  extracts,  syrups,  bronzing  and  gilding. 


REFERENCE  BOOKS.  23 


Literature. 

Hoyt  and  Ward.  Cyclopaedia  of  practical  quotations,  N.  Y., 
Funk  &  Wagnall,  $6.  Arranged  under  subjects  instead  of  chron- 
ologically like  Bartlett's,  English  quotations  first,  then  Latin  and 
foreign.  Full  indexes.  The  most  useful  work  for  quotations  by 
subjects. 

Brewer,  E.  C.  Dictionary  of  phrase  and  fable.  New  ed., 
Phila.,  Lippincott,  $3.50.  "Derivation,  source  and  origin  of  com- 
mon phrases,  allusions,  and  words  that  have  a  special  meaning." 
Appendix  contains  a  list  of  English  authors  and  their  works. 

Warner,  Charles  D.  Library  of  the  world's  best  literature, 
ancient  and  modern,  31  volumes,  N.  Y.,  Warner  Library  Co., 
$77.50.  Can  be  purchased  second  hand  for  about  $30.  Best  com- 
pilation of  its  kind.  Furnishes  a  mine  of  information  which 
cannot  be  found  in  the  ordinary  school  or  public  library. 

Stedman,  Edmund  C.  and  Hutchinson,  E.  M.  Library  of  Ameri- 
can literature,  11  volumes,  N.  Y.,  Charles  L.  Webster  &  Co.,  $33. 
Contains  selections  from  American  authors,  sketches  of  their 
lives,  list  of  noted  sayings,  etc.,  "The  design  is  to  afford  the 
reader  a  general  view  of  the  course  of  American  literature  from 
the  outset." 

Bryant,  William  C.  New  library  of  poetry  and  song,  with  his 
review  of  poetry,  and  poetry  from  the  time  of  Chaucer.  N.  Y., 
Baker  and  Taylor.  $5.00  Popular  poems  and  poetical  extracts. 
Indexes. 


24  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

History,  Biography  and  Geography. 

Harper's  dictionary  of  classical  literature  and  antiquities,  N.  Y., 
American  book  company,  $10.  Includes  Greek  and  Roman  an- 
tiquities, biography,  geography,  history,  literature,  mythology. 
Has  illustrations  and  maps.  Best  all-round  classical  reference 
book  for  a  school  library." 

Lippincott's  biographical  dictionary,  Philadelphia,  Lippincott, 
New  ed.  by  Heilprin,  $8.  An  excellent  general  biographical  ref- 
erence book  bringing  the  record  of  noted  persons  down  to  the 
close  of  the  19th  century. 

Lippincott's  new  gazetteer,  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  $10.  It 
is  a  geographical  dictionary  of  the  world.  The  most  comprehen- 
sive American  work  of  its  kind. 

Brewer,  E.  C.  Historic  note  book,  latest  ed.  Philadelphia, 
Lippincott.  $3.50. 

Harper's  Encyclopaedia  of  United  States  history,  10  volumes.  N. 
Y.,  Harper  and  Brothers.  Second-hand  about  $10. 

There  are  several  good  reference  books  on  historical  subjects 
such  as  Larned's  History  for  ready  reference,  7  volumes,  $35.00, 
and  Hayden's  Dictionary  of  dates,  but  for  the  small  library  Harp- 
er's Encyclopaedia  would  answer  most  questions  on  American 
history. 

Cram's  Universal  Atlas,  Chicago,  George  F.  Cram,  $10. 

Band  McNally  Unrivalled  atlas  of  the  world,  Chicago,  Rand  Mc- 
Nally,  $7. 


REFERENCE  BOOKS.  25 

Shepherd,  W.  E.  Historical  Atlas,  (Am.  hist,  ser.)  N.  Y., 
Holt,  $2.50. 

Of  the  larger  atlases,  the  Library  atlas  of  the  world,  2  vol- 
umes, Chicago,  Rand  McNally,  $25  is  the  latest  and  best.  The 
Century  atlas  which  is  a  volume  of  the  Century  dictionary  is  very 
satisfactory. 

Who's  Who  in  America.  Chicago,  Marquis.  $5.  Revised 
biennially.  Brief  biographies  of  living  men. 

Debating  Material. 

Debaters  handbook  series,  $1  each.  These  handbooks  of  which 
twenty-seven  have  been  published,  furnish  bibliographies  on  all 
the  questions  treated  and  give  selections  from  magazines  and 
from  other  material  on  the  various  questions  such  as  woman  suf- 
frage, municipal  ownership,  and  the  like.  The  H.  W.  Wilson 
Company  who  publish  the  handbooks,  loan  articles  printed  in 
magazines,  either  singly  or  collectively  at  a  nominal  price.  If  a 
library  should  wish  to  borrow  several  articles  on  any  debate  ques- 
tion it  could  get  them  from  this  firm. 

Craig,  Asa  H.  Pros  and  Cons,  N.  Y.,  Hinds  &  Eldridge,  $1.50. 
Complete  debates  with  questions  fully  discussed  on  both  sides. 

Foster,  William  H.  Debating  for  boys.  N.  Y.,  Sturgis  and  Wal- 
ton. $1. 

Phelps,  Edith  M.  Debaters'  manual.  White  Plains,  N.  Y.,  H.  W. 
Wilson  Co.,  $1. 


CHAPTER  III 

BOOK  SELECTION,  BUYING  AND  ACCESSIONING 

Book  Selection 

It  is  an  easy  matter  to  select  the  first  hundred  books  for  a 
school  library  as  the  law  requires  them  to  be  selected  from  the  list 
published  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of  the 
State.6 

Schools  accredited  by  the  University  of  Missouri  are  urged  to 
purchase  from  the  list  issued  in  the  Circular  of  information  to  ac- 
credited schools,  7th  edition,  1915,  part  III,  Suggestions  for  the 
equipment  of  libraries.  Outside  of  these  lists  there  is  some  lati- 
tude of  choice.  The  following  are  desirable  helps : 

A.  L.  A.  booklist. — Chicago,  American  Library  Association, 
$1  a  year.  This  is  the  best  source  from  which  to  select  current 
books.  The  purpose  of  this  periodical  is  to  help  small  libraries 
make  selections  for  purchase.  Brief  descriptions  and  evaluations 
are  given. 

A.  L.  A.  catalog  of  8000  volumes  for  a  popular  library  well 
selected  and  classified.  1904.  Washington,  Superintendent  of 
Documents.  $1.  The  work  contains  the  best  books  on  all  subjects. 
Part  I  is  a  classified  catalog;  part  II  is  a  dictionary  catalog  of 

«See  Course  of  study  for  rural  and  graded  schools,  1913,  p.  168  and 
Course  of  study  for  Missouri  high  schools,  1914,  p.  79. 

(27) 


28  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

authors,  titles  and  subjects.  The  decimal  and  the  expansive  class- 
ification numbers  follow  every  title.  The  book  is  therefore  helpful 
in  the  selection  of  books  and  in  classifying  them  for  the  shelves. 

A.  L.  A.  Catalog  supplement.  1904-1911.  Chicago,  American 
library  association,  $1.50. 

Brown,  Zaidee.  Buying  list  of  books  for  small  libraries.  1913. 
Chicago,  American  library  association,  10  cents.  Copies  may  be 
secured  free  of  expense  by  libraries  in  Missouri  by  requesting 
them  from  the  Missouri  State  library  commission,  Jefferson 
City,  Mo. 

Magazines. 

A  few  good  general  magazines  are  desirable.  The  following 
list  is  suggestive.  It  includes  magazines  in  which  high  school 
students  and  teachers  will  be  interested. 

Century    $4.00 

Independent 4.00 

Literary  digest 3.00 

National  geographic  magazine 2.50 

Outing    3.00 

Popular  mechanics 1.50 

Review  of  reviews  (American)   3.00 

Scientific  American  4.00 

Scribner's    3.00 

Survey   3.00 

World's  work  3.00 

Youth's  companion  2.00 

Reader's  guide.    Quarterly  cumulations 4.00 

(This  will  index  the  magazines  taken  in  the  library). 


BOOK  SELECTION,  BUYING  AND  ACCESSIONING. 


29 


Cards  for  recording  the  current  issues  of  magazines  may  be 
secured  from  any  supply  house.  I  would  suggest  the  following 
form: 


Yr 

Vol 

Jan 

Feb 

Mar 

Apr 

May 

Je 

Jl 

Aug 

Sept 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Bind 

Returned 

If  the  library  can  afford  other  helps  it  should  subscribe  to  the 
Cumulative  book  index,  monthly  with  an  annual  cumulation.  The 
H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  $12.00.  This  gives  all  the  necessary  informa- 
tion about  new  books  to  enable  one  to  place  orders.  It  also 
gives  the  order  number  of  the  Library  of  Congress  printed  cards. 

Children's  Books. — Even  the  small  library  must  provide  litera- 
ture for  children.  The  librarian  need  make  no  mistake  in  selecting 
books  for  children's  reading  in  as  much  as  several  excellent  lists 
have  been  prepared.  One  of  the  best  of  these  is  Catalogue  of  books 


30  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

annotated  and  arranged  by  the  Carnegie  library  of  Pittsburgh  for 
the  use  of  the  first  eight  grades  in  the  Pittsburgh  schools.  The 
books  are  arranged  by  grades.  The  publisher,  price  and  class 
mark  are  given.  A  copy  might  be  secured  free  from  the  Carnegie 
library. 

Another  excellent  book  is  Hewin's  'Books  for  boys  and  girls, 
3d  edition,  1915.  Chicago,  American  library  association,  20  cents. 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Education  has  issued  a  circular 
with  the  title ;  1000  good  books  for  children.  Classified  and  graded 
list  prepared  by  the  National  Congress  of  Mothers  literature 
committee.  1914.  Free.  The  University  library  has  recently 
issued  Books  for  children,  a  list  of  107  books  which  is  intended  to 
aid  in  selecting  books  for  children.  Free. 

Book  Buying 

It  is  usually  the  best  policy  to  purchase  books  through  the 
local  book  store,  provided  the  book  store  can  furnish  the  books 
practically  as  cheap  as  book  stores  in  large  cities.  If  a  book  should 
be  imperfect  or  damaged,  or  the  wrong  edition  or  the  wrong  title 
sent,  it  would  be  more  convenient  to  return  it  to  the  local  store. 
On  the  other  hand  a  large  reliable  firm  which  makes  a  specialty  of 
furnishing  books  to  libraries,  can  usually  supply  the  books  cheaper 
than  the  local  store,  and  the  library  has  the  advantage  of  the  expert 
service  of  experienced  bookmen  who  can  discriminate  between  edi- 
tions and  select  the  most  satisfactory  ones  for  the  library.  In  either 
case,  the  cost  of  transportation  must  be  taken  into  account.  Library 
books  could  be  shipped  along  with  the  local  bookstore  books  there- 
by lessening  freight  charges  and  getting  shipments  oftener.  It  is 
more  desirable  to  have  new  books  coming  into  the  library  at  fre- 
quent intervals  than  to  have  large  shipments  once  or  twice  a  year. 


BOOK  SELECTION,  BUYING  AND  ACCESSIONING.  31 


Seldom,  if  ever,  should  purchases  be  made  through  subscrip- 
tion agents.  Subscription  books  can  usually  be  secured  through 
book  dealers  on  favorable  terms.  Furthermore,  the  works  offered 
by  agents  can  usually  be  secured  from  second  hand  dealers,  at  one- 
half  or  two-thirds  of  the  subscription  price.  It  is  not  economy  for 
a  small  library,  or  for  any  library  with  limited  funds,  to  buy  fine 
illustrated  editions  and  editions  in  fine  bindings.  It  is  best  to  buy 
standard  editions  of  well  known  authors  in  readable  type  on  good 
paper  and  in  durable  bindings. 

Make  carbon  copies  of  all  orders  and  keep  the  duplicate  copy 
on  file.  In  the  order,  give  author,  title,  place  and  date  of  publica- 
tion, as:  Ward,  Gilbert  O.  Practical  use  of  books  and  libraries. 
Ed.  2.  Boston,  Boston  Book  Company  1914.  Inform  the  book- 
seller how  to  send,  whether  by  mail,  express  or  freight.  When  the 
books  are  received  check  them  with  the  invoice  and  with  the  order 
list,  crossing  out  all  titles  which  have  been  received  and  noting 
those  not  supplied.  These  last  should  be  reordered.  Return  at 
once  any  book  not  ordered  or  which  is  imperfect.  The  source,  date 
received,  and  cost  should  be  written  in  the  book  just  back  of  the 
title  page.  Books  should  be  collated  to  detect  imperfections.  Open 
the  books  as  described  elsewhere,  cut  the  leaves  with  a  paper 
knife  using  care  not  to  tear  the  leaves  in  cutting. 

Accessioning. 

The  accession  book  should  contain  a  list  of  all  the  books  be- 
longing to  the  library.  It  should  give  the  source  of  the  book,  the 
price  paid  (if  purchased)  and  the  name  of  the  donor  if  it  was 
presented.  As  soon  as  a  book  has  been  checked  by  the  invoice  and 
collated,  it  should  be  accessioned.  The  number  of  the  book  in  the 


32  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

accession  record  should  be  put  into  the  book  on  the  bottom  of  the 
second  page  following  the  title. 

The  accession  book  will  furnish  statistics  for  the  annual  re- 
port; will  identify  lost  books,  and  will  serve  as  an  inventory  for 
insurance  purposes  if  the  library  should  be  destroyed  by  fire.  It 
is  the  library's  chief  record  and  should  contain  a  complete  history 
of  every  volume  on  its  shelves. 

The  condensed  accession  book,  press  board  covers,  1000  lines, 
a  book  to  a  line,  costs  only  $1.00,  Library  Bureau.  Directions  for 
accessioning  are  printed  in  the  book  with  a  list  of  abbreviations 
and  directions  for  the  use  of  capital  letters. 

After  the  book  has  been  accessioned,  marks  of  ownership 
should  be  placed  on  its  pages.  Several  kinds  of  stamps  may  be 
used  for  this  purpose.  In  the  small  libraries,  a  rubber  ink  stamp 
would  answer  the  purpose  and  would  be  inexpensive.  It  should 
have  in  clear  type  the  name  of  the  library  and  should  be  stamped 
on  the  title  page  and  some  other  page  in  the  books  such  as  page  99 
or  page  49,  and  the  outside  front  cover  of  magazines. 

Book  pockets  are  desirable  and  can  be  made  inexpensively. 
A  square  slip  of  paper  about  three  by  five  inches  tipped  with  paste 
on  the  bottom  and  the  four  corners  to  the  inside  front  cover  an- 
swers every  purpose.  If  there  is  a  book  plate  the  inside  back  cover 
could  be  used  for  the  pocket.  Loan  cards,  the  proper  size  to  in- 
sert in  the  pocket,  may  be  made  from  card  board  or  stiff  paper. 
Pockets  with  library  rules  printed  on  them  and  the  loan  cards  to  be 
used  in  them  may  be  purchased  if  so  desired.  These  cards  should 
have  the  author's  name  and  brief  title  and  the  call  number  on  them. 


CHAPTER  IV 

CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING 


Classification 


Books  should  always  be  arranged  by  classes  even  though  the 
library  is  small.  It  is  most  convenient  to  have  all  the  histories  of 
the  United  States  together ;  all  the  American  literature  by  itself ; 
all  the  arithmetics  by  themselves  and  so  on.  The  purpose  of  clas- 
sifying the  books  is  to  bring  likes  together,  that  is,  books  which 
treat  of  the  same  subject.  The  books  should  be  arranged  alpha- 
betically by  the  au^hgr  within  the  classes. 

Books  should  not  be  classified  by  title.  Examine  the  table  of 
contents,  read  the  preface  or  introduction,  and  if  necessary,  read 
parts  of  the  book,  especially  the  conclusion.  The  table  of  con- 
tents will  not  always  give  the  character  of  the  book.  Usually,  the 
preface  contains  a  statement  of  the  author's  purpose  in  writing  the 
book  and  his  theme. 

There  are  two  systems  of  classification  in  use:  the  Expan- 
sive and  the  Decimal,  but  probably  only  one  is  used  in  the  small 
libraries  the  Dewey  decimal  system.  An  abbreviated  form  of 
this  system  will  be  found  in  the  appendix.  The  Abridged  Decimal 
Classification  and  Relatif  Index  Revised,  may  be  secured  from 
Library  Bureau,  Chicago,  in  cloth  at  $1.50.  This  abridged  edi- 
tion would  be  serviceable  to  libraries  having  1000  volumes  or 
more  to  classify.  The  classes  could  be  subdivided  more  minutely. 

(33) 


34  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

There  are  ten  general  classes,  each  divided  into  ten  divisions. 
Then  a  decimal  point  is  used  and  the  division  carried  out  until  the 
classification  is  as  minute  as  desired.    The  numbers  thus  obtained 
are  assigned  to  books,  and  the  books  are  arranged  in  simple  numer- 
ical order,  the  numbers  being  treated  as  decimals.     Thus  512 
algebra  precedes  513  geometry  and  follows  511  arithmetic.    These 
numbers  are  called  class  numbers.    If  we  take  942  as  an  example, 
the  analysis  of  the  number  is : 
Class        9 — history. 
Division  A — European  history. 
Section    2 — history  of  Gt.  Britain. 

This  class  number  is  combined  with  another  number  called 
the  book  number  which  distinguishes  one  author  from  another  in 
the  same  class  such  as,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  from  Julian  Haw- 
thorne and  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  and  insures  the  book's  falling 
into  alphabetical  sequence.    The  class  number  and  the  book  num- 
ber form  the  call  number  which  should  be  placed  on  the  back  of  the 
book,  on  the  book  pocket,  back  of  the  title  page  and  on  the  upper 
left  hand  corner  of  the  catalog  cards,  example : 
025 — class  no. 
W21 — book  no. 

The  two  form  the  call  number. 

In  small  libraries  having  fewer  than  1000  volumes,  a  book 
number  is  not  necessary.  Only  the  first  letter  of  the  author's  name 
should  be  used. 

In  individual  biography  the  book  number  should  be  taken 
from  the  surname  of  the  person  written  about  so  that  all  of  his 
lives  will  come  together  on  the  shelves.  In  public  documents  con- 
sider the  government  as  the  author  such  as  Missouri.  State  dept. 
Legislative  manual. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  35 

In  the  case  of  societies  use  the  name  of  the  society,  associa- 
tion or  institute  as  author,  such  as  American  chemical  society. 
Journal. 

In  periodicals  take  the  book  number  from  the  title  of  the  peri- 
odical such  as  North  American  review. 

In  anonymous  books  take  the  book  number  from  the  title  of 
the  book.  In  fiction  many  libraries  assign  no  class  number  but 
arrange  the  books  alphabetically  by  authors.  If  a  class  number  is 
desired,  823  could  be  used  for  all  fiction  in  the  English  language. 

Shelf  List. 

A  shelf  list  is  a  list  of  the  books  as  they  stand  on  the  shelf  in 
the  order  of  their  classification.  This  is  usually  made  on  cards. 
If  printed  cards  are  used  in  cataloging,  one  card,  after  having  the 
call  number  and  the  accession  number  entered  upon  it,  may  be 
used  for  the  shelf  list.  If  cards  are  typed  or  written  by  hand,  the 
author  and  short  title  with  the  call  number  and  the  accession 
number  are  sufficient.  The  following  illustration  shows  the  form 
to  be  used : 


36  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Figure  1. — Shelf  list  card. 


823      Johnston 

T  Prisoners  of  hope.       1898. 


1562 


The  shelf  list  is  useful  in  taking  the  inventory  of  the  books, 
which  is  called  "reading  the  shelves."  It  shows  the  number  of 
books  in  the  various  classes  such  as  American  literature,  history 
and  the  like. 

Cataloging 

\  Library  catalogs  are  made  on  cards,  3x5  inches  in  size  and 
arranged  alphabetically  including  authors,  titles  and  subjects. 
These  cards  are  filed  in  trays  with  rods  passing  through  holes  in 
the  bottoms  of  the  cards  to  hold  them  in  the  tray.  The  catalog 
is  an  index  to  the  library  and  is  more  important  for  the  readers 
than  the  shelf  list.  It  can  be  kept  up  to  date  by  inserting  cards  for 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  37 


the  new  books  from  day  to  day.  Every  book  in  the  library  is  rep- 
resented by  two  cards,  often  by  three  cards  or  more,  an  author 
card,  a  subject  card  and  a  title  card. 

Author  Card. 

Write  the  call  numbers  on  the  upper  left  hand  corner  of  the 
card  on  all  cards  except  cross  reference  cards.  Write  the  author's 
forename,  if  there  is  only  one  and  use  initials  if  more  than  one, 
surname  first,  on  the  top  line.  Indent  under  author's  name  for 
title. 

Figure  2. — Author  card. 


823      Johnston,  Mary 

T  Prisoners  of  hope:   a  tale  of  colonial  Virginia.        378  p.  1900. 


O 


38  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


In  joint  author  cards,  write  both  names  as  indicated. 
Figure  3. — Joint  author  card. 


020      Fay,  Lucy  E.  and  Eaton,  A.  T. 

F  Instruction  in  the  use  of  books  and  libraries.        449  p.  1915. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  39 


Figure  4. — Joint  author  card. 


020      Eaton,  Anne  T.  and  Fay,  L.  E. 

F  Instruction  in  the  use  of  books  and  libraries.        449  p.  1915 


O 


40  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


When  the  author  has  a  pseudonym  use  a  cross  reference  card. 
Figure  5. — Reference  for  pseudonym. 

Grayson,  David,    pseud.,    see 
Baker,  Ray  Stannard 


O 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  41 


Collections  are  cataloged  under  the  editor's  or  compiler's 
name,  or  when  no  general  editor  is  given  under  title.    See  figure  7. 

Figure  6. — Editor  card. 


820      Bryant,  William  C.,      ed. 

B  New  library  of  poetry  and  song.  1100  p.  1910. 


O 


42  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


When  the  author's,  the  editor's,  or  the  compiler's  name  is  not 
given,  catalog  the  work  under  the  title. 

Figure  7. — Title  card. 


808      Modern  eloquence;    ed.  by  T.  B.  Reed,  J.  McCarthy,  R.  Johnson, 
M      A.  E.  Bergh.  15  v.  c!900. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  43 


Catalog  the  publications  of  a  society  or  an  institution  under 
the  name  of  the  society. 

Figure  8. — Name  of  society  as  author. 


010      American  library  association 

Am  A.  L.  A.  catalog.  2  v.  in  1.  1904. 


O 


44  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Catalog  a  state  or  city  publication  under  the  name  of  the 
state  or  city. 

Figure  9. — Name  of  state  as  author. 


320      Missouri.    State  dept. 

M  Official  manual  of  the  state  of  Missouri. 


Library  has 
1911-12 
1913-14 
1915-16 


O 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  45 


Always  copy  the  title  from  the  title  page,  not  from  the  half 
title,  nor  from  the  title  printed  on  the  back  of  the  book.  Capital- 
ize no  words  in  the  title  except  the  first  word,  proper  names,  and 
adjectives  derived  therefrom.  The  articles,  a,  an,  the,  occurring 
as  the  first  word  in  a  title  should  be  omitted.  The  name  of  the 
translator  or  editor  should  appear  in  the  title  as, 

Figure  10. — Editor's  name  in  title. 


878      Caesar 

C  Gallic  war  with  an  introduction,  notes  and  vocabulary  by 

Francis  W.  Kelsey.  Ed.  5.  390+109  p.  1891. 


46  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


When  the  translator  or  editor  is  a  noted  man,  an  editor  or 
translator  card  should  be  made  for  him  as, 

Figure  11. — Editor  card. 


878  Kelsey,  Francis  W.,  ed. 

C         Caesar 

Gallic  war.  Ed.  5.  390+109  p.  1891. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  47 


When  two  books  are  bound  together  by  some  one  other  than 
the  publisher  use  form  as  shown  in  figures  12  and  13.  The 
call  number  is  assigned  to  the  first  of  the  two  books. 

Figure  12. — Two  books  bound  in  one. 


821      Goldsmith,  Oliver. 

G  Vicar  of  Wakefield.  301  p.  c!896. 

Bound  with  this  is  Scott,  Walter,  Lady  of  the  lake 


48  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Figure  13. — Two  books  bound  in  one. 


821      Scott,  Walter 

G  Lady  of  the  lake.  245  p.  c!895. 

Bound  with  Goldsmith,  Oliver,  Vicar  of  Wakefield 


O 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  49 


The  number  of  pages  in  the  books  in  single  volumes  should 
be  given  using  the  paging  of  the  body  of  the  work.  If  the  work 
is  in  two  or  more  volumes  give  the  number  of  volumes  as, 

Figure  14.— Method  of  indicating  volumes. 


972      Rives,  George  L. 

R  United  States  and  Mexico.  2  v.  1913. 


O 


50  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Give  the  date  of  publication  as  on  the  title  page.  In  case  of 
two  volumes  of  different  dates  give  inclusive  dates.  If  this  is 
lacking  give  copyright  date  found  on  back  of  title  page.  In 
writing  this  date,  it  should  be  preceded  by  a  small  c,  thus :  c!885. 

Give  name  of  series  and  volume  in  parentheses  after  the  date. 

Figure  15. — Method  of  indicating  copyright  date  and  series. 


973      Butler,  Pierce 

B  Judah    P.    Benjamin.  459    p.    c!904.      (American    crisis 

biographies) 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  51 


A  series  card  should  be  made  like  figure  16. 
Figure  16. — Series  card. 


American  crisis  biographies 

921  Butler,  Pierce.     Judah  P.  Benjamin.  c!906. 

B 


921  Hunt,  G.  John  C.  Calhoun.  1908. 

C 


o 


When  the  volumes  in  the  series  are  numbered  the  volume 
number  is  placed  before  the  title  as :  v.  1  Butler,  Pierce.  Judah 
P.  Benjamin.  c!906. 


52  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Title  card. 

Cards  bearing  the  title  on  the  top  line  and  the  author's  name 
beneath  should  be  made  whenever  a  book  is  likely  to  be  known  by 
its  title.  This  is  true  of  all  fiction  and  of  story  books  and  in 
cases  of  striking  titles.  In  writing  title  cards,  keep  the  indention 
of  both  author  and  title  the  same  as  that  of  the  author  card. 

Figure  17. — Title  card. 


828  On  the  plantation.  1892. 

H         Harris,  Joel  C. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  53 


Periodical  cards  are  similar  to  title  cards.    The  title  or  name 
of  the  periodical  should  be  indented. 

Figure  18. — Periodical  card. 


050  Century 

C 


Library  has: 

v.   53-54      1896-7  v.  86  to  date  1913  to  date 

60-61      1900-1 
73-74       1906-7 


O 


54  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Books,  the  authors  of  which  are  not  known,  are  entered  un- 
der title  with  the  author  line  vacant,  except  anonymous  classics 
such  as  Arabian  Nights  which  are  cataloged  like  figure  19. 

Figure  19. — Anonymous  classic. 


Arabian  Nights 

The  Arabian  nights  entertainment:    selected  and  arranged 
by  A.  Lang.  424  p.  1908. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  55 

Subject  cards. 

A  subject  card  has,  as  a  heading,  the  name  of  the  subject  of 
which  the  book  treats.  The  subject  headings  are  usually  written 
in  red  ink  at  the  top  of  the  card,  indented,  with  the  call  number 
in  the  usual  place.  Below  the  subject  heading  make  an  exact 
copy  of  the  author  card.  In  other  words  write  an  author  card, 
then  write  the  subject  heading  indented  above  the  author's  name 
and  the  result  will  be  the  subject  card. 

Figure  20  a. — Subject  card. 


973  Benjamin,  Judah 

B        Butler,  Pierce 

Judah  P.  Benjamin.  459  p.  c!906.     (American  crisis 

biographies) 


O 


56  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Figure  20  b. — Subject  card. 


972  Mexico 

R         Rives,  George  L. 

United  States  and  Mexico.  2  v.  1913. 


O 


Considerable  care  should  be  exercised  in  assigning  subject 
headings  so  as  to  avoid  confusion  in  the  catalog.  Take  as  a  guide 
the  headings  used  in  the  American  Library  association  catalog 
of  1904,  and  when  other  headings  are  used  make  a  permanent 
note  of  the  words  used  as  headings  and  of  all  references  made 
thereto. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  57 

Analytical  cards. 

In  the  small  library  every  bit  of  information  should  be  made 
available.  A  chapter  in  a  book  or  an  article  in  a  magazine  may 
be  worth  a  subject  card  in  the  catalog.  These  subjects  may  take 
the  form  of  an  author,  a  title,  and  a  subject  analytical  card.  The 
sample  cards,  Figures  21a,  21b,  22,  23,  will  fully  illustrate  these 
entries. 

Figure  21  a. — Author  analytical  card. 


80S      Burke,  Edmund 

M  Conciliation  with  America.      (In  Modern  eloquence  v.  11, 

p.  368-428) 


O 


58  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Figure  21  b. — Author  analytical  card. 


828      Marlowe,  Christopher 

K  Tragic  history  of  Dr.  Faustus.  (In  Kettie,  J.  S.  Works 

of  British  dramatists.  1875  p.  127-139) 


O 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  59 


Figure  22. — Title  analytical  card. 


828  Dr.  Jekyll  and  Mr.  Hyde 

St        Stevenson,  R.  L.  (In  his  Treasure  Island.  n.  d.) 


O 


60  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Figure  23, — Subject  analytical  card. 


680  Kites 

H         Hall,  A.  N. 

Home-made  kites.    (In  his  Home-made  toys.        c!915  p.  9-20) 


Cross  Reference  Cards. 

Cross  reference  cards  refer  the  reader  to  the  author,  the  title 
or  the  subject  which  gives  further  information.  The  reference 
may  be  from  a  pseudonym  to  the  real  name  as  Twain,  Mark,  see 
Clemens,  Samuel  L..;  or  from  a  general  subject  like  philosophy 
to  a  special  subject  like  hygiene. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  61 


Tracings. 

Tracing  is  of  value  to  the  librarian  as  a  record  of  the  cards 
made  for  each  book.  The  record  is  made  on  the  back  of  the 
author  card  and  should  indicate  the  headings  of  all  the  other  cards 
made  for  that  book.  Use  t.  to  indicate  title  cards  and  jt.  auth. 
to  indicate  joint-author  cards  but  write  out  names  of  subjects  in 
full,  and  use  surnames  to  indicate  editors  or  translators  for  which 
extra  cards  have  been  made.  The  accession  number  should  also 
be  written  on  the  back. 

Figure  24. — Tracings  on  back  of  author  card. 


O 


2625 

t 

jt.  auth. 

Library  science 


62  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Library  of  Congress  Printed  Cards. 

It  is  advisable  from  the  economic  standpoint  and  from  the 
point  of  accuracy  and  neatness  to  purchase  printed  cards  from  the 
Library  of  Congress.  It  would  be  the  exception  for  the  small 
library  to  acquire  a  book  for  which  the  Library  of  Congress 
doesn't  have  printed  cards.  The  Library  prints  cards  for  all  copy- 
righted books  and  all  other  books  acquired  either  by  purchase  or 
by  gift.  A  duplicate  of  the  order  list  could  be  sent  to  the  Library 
of  Congress  as  a  card  order.  The  Library  of  Congress  prints  only 
author  cards.  The  subject,  title  and  other  cards  are  indicated  at 
the  bottom  of  the  card  with  occasionally  alternate  forms  in 
brackets.  If  there  are  two  subjects  indicated,  then  the  librarian 
should  order  five  cards ;  one  for  the  author,  one  for  the  shelf  list 
and  one  for  each  of  the  subjects  and  one  for  title  if  the  title  is 
distinctive.  The  subjects  would  need  to  be  written  above  the 
author's  name.  There  is  a  formula  used  in  ordering  which  will 
bring  the  desired  number  of  cards.  Write  to  the  Library  of 
Congress  and  ask  for  Methods  of  ordering  cards.  The  cards 
cost  approximately  2  cents  for  the  first  card,  and  ^2  cent  each 
for  the  duplicate  cards.  If  four  cards  on  one  author  were 
ordered,  the  cards  would  cost  about  3^  cents.  The  printed  cards 
solve  many  difficulties  for  the  librarian.7 

7For  further  information  on  cataloging  consult,  Fellows,  Jennie 
D.,  Cataloging  rules,  1915.  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING.  63 


ALPHABETTING  CAEDS 

-7  Cards  in  the  public  catalog  should  be  filed  alphabetically  by 
the  author,  title,  and  subject,  forming  a  dictionary  catalog.  When 
the  subject  and  the  author  are  alike,  the  author  card  should  be  filed 
in  front  of  the  subject  as 

London,  Jack  (person) 

London,  England  (place  or  subject) 

London  and  its  environs  (title) 

Proper  names  beginning  with  Me  and  St  should  be  arranged  as  if 
spelled  out — Macintosh,  Saint  Louis. 

Arrange  compound  names  of  places  as  separate  words  as 

New,   John 

New  Hampshire 

New  Legion  of  Satan 

New  York 

Newark 

Newfoundland 

Newspapers 

The  articles  a,  an,  and  the,  at  the  beginning  of  titles  are  disre- 
garded in  alphabetting. 

Guide  cards. 

Buff  bristol  guide  cards,  in  thirds,  should  be  used  in  the  cat- 
alog to  insure  convenience  in  finding  the  desired  author,  title,  or 
subject. 


CHAPTER  V 

PREPARATION  OF  BOOKS  FOR  THE  SHELVES 
Charging  System,  Mending,  etc. 

After  the  book  has  been  classed  and  cataloged,  the  call  num- 
ber should  be  written  above  the  book  pocket  on  the  inside  cover 
of  the  book,  depending  of  course  on  the  position  of  the  book 
pocket.  If  the  library  has  no  book  plate,  the  pocket  may  be  pasted 
on  the  inside  of  the  front  cover.  The  call  number  should  also  be 
written  on  a  label  pasted  on  the  back  of  the  book.  The  Dennison 
label  A16  extra  gummed  has  been  found  most  satisfactory  in  the 
University  library.  This  should  be  placed  on  the  books  at  a  uni- 
form height  from  the  bottom  edge  of  the  book.  An  inch  and  a 
half  or  two  inches  is  a  good  height.  The  call  number  should  be 
written  on  the  label  after  it  has  been  pasted  on  the  book.  India 
ink  is  the  best;  Higgins  or  other  brands  will  do.  Shellacking 
the  label  after  lettering  tends  to  prevent  soiling  the  label  and 
helps  to  hold  it  on. 

An  inexpensive  pocket  consists  of  a  plain  manilla  slip  of 
paper  3^4  x  4^4  inches,  costing  about  40  cents  a  1000.  The  card 
for  this  pocket  should  be  a  Bristol  card  2x5  inches,  and  would 
cost  about  $1.50  a  1000.  Cards  and  pockets  with  or  without  print- 
ing may  be  secured  from  the  supply  houses.  At  the  top  of  the 
card,  write  the  call  number,  the  author  and  title.  The  lines  below 

(65) 


66  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

are  for  the  reader's  name  and  date.    When  the  reader  borrows 
the  book  he  should  sign  the  card. 

Charging  System. 

The  library  meets  the  public  at  the  loan  desk.  In  small  libra- 
ries the  reference  work  is  done  here  and  general  information  is 
given  out.  It  is  the  place  to  make  friends  of  the  public.  A  sys- 
tem of  charging  books  must  be  simple  and  expeditious,  so  that 
the  reader  suffers  no  inconvenience  by  delays  and  incorrect 
records. 

If  pockets  are  put  into  books  and  cards  made  for  the  pockets 
as  described  above,  the  matter  of  charging  is  very  simple.  Take 
the  card  from  the  pocket  and  let  the  reader  sign  it.  Then  stamp 
the  date  the  book  is  due  on  the  book  pocket  and  on  the  card.  Let 
the  reader  take  the  book,  file  the  card  in  the  date  file  back  of  the 
date  when  the  book  is  due.  Usually  books  are  loaned  for  two 
weeks  at  a  time  with  a  privilege  of  renewal.  When  the  book  is 
returned,  open  the  book  and  look  for  the  date  on  the  pocket. 
Look  in  the  card  file  for  the  corresponding  date.  Take  out  the 
card,  stamp  date  of  return,  and  insert  it  in  the  pocket.  The 
book  is  then  ready  to  be  shelved  again. 

Fines  of  at  least  2  cents  a  day  are  usually  charged  on  books 
not  returned  on  time. 

Bindings  and  Repairs. 

In  the  first  chapter  on  the  physical  parts  of  a  book,  we  dis- 
sected a  volume  to  ascertain  how  the  parts  were  put  together. 
We  found  that  the  sections  or  forms  were  sewed  to  tape  or  cords, 
and  to  one  another.  When  the  thread  holding  a  form  to  its  com- 


PREPARATION  OF  BOOKS  FOR  THE  SHELVES.  67 

panion  breaks  and  lets  the  form  loose,  the  book  should  be  resewed. 
If  a  leaf  becomes  loose,  put  library  paste  on  the  inside  edge,  put 
it  in  place  in  the  book  and  press  it  down  with  a  paper  knife.  An- 
other way  to  fasten  in  leaves  is  to  use  opaque  gummed  paper. 
Two  or  more  leaves  may  be  tipped  in,  in  this  way.  The  danger 
comes  from  the  additional  strain  on  the  form  to  which  they  are 
fastened.  When  the  form  gives  way  there  is  only  one  thing  to 
do — rebind  the  book. 

For  the  repair  of  torn  leaves  use  transparent  adhesive  tape, 
which  comes  in  spools.  When  books  come  out  of  the  covers,  use 
double  stitched  binder.  Remove  the  super  and  glue  from  the  back. 
Then  take  the  cover  and  with  an  eraser  or  some  sharp  instrument 
remove  the  super  on  the  inside  back  edge  of  the  cover.  Then 
moisten  the  gummed  cloth,  lay  the  cover  on  its  back,  set  the  book 
into  it,  bring  up  the  covers  against  the  book  and  press  the  gummed 
cloth  against  the  covers.  This  method  is  well  illustrated  in  Gay- 
lord  Brothers  Catalog  of  library  supplies.  If  the  cloth  on  the 
back  of  the  book  is  worn,  torn  and  dirty,  it  should  be  removed 
and  another  back  put  on  by  pasting  the  strip,  the  exact  size,  to 
the  covers.  Then  the  title  can  be  printed  on  in  black  or  white  ink. 
A  typewritten  label  might  be  pasted  on  the  back. 

Magazine  Binders. 

There  are  several  good  temporary  magazine  binders.  The 
one  found  most  serviceable  at  the  University  is  the  spring  back- 
binder  manufactured  by  W.  G.  Johnston  &  Company,  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  Price  varies  with  the  size  of  the  magazine.  An  inexpensive 
temporary  binding  is  made  from  heavy  manila  card  board.  Cut 
the  board  the  right  size  for  the  magazine,  cut  off  the  front  out- 


68  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

side  cover  and  paste  it  on  the  board.  Perforate  the  boards  and 
the  magazine,  and  fasten  the  covers  on  with  shoestrings.  Press 
board  could  be  used  instead  of  manila  card  board.  The  flexo 
binders  manufactured  by  the  Gay  lord  Brothers  are  good,  cheap 
binders,  and  are  used  by  some  large  libraries. 

Pamphlet  Binders. 

The  Gaylord  Brothers  have  a  very  satisfactory  binder  for 
temporary  or  permanent  use.  The  gray  photo-mount  binders  are 
good,  and  cost  about  $5.00  per  hundred. 

Care  of  Books. 

The  life  of  a  book  will  be  greatly  lengthened  if  the  following 
"don'ts"  are  observed. 

Don't  let  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  strike  the  backs  of  the  books. 
Don't  crowd  books  on  the  shelves  so  that  one  of  them  cannot  be 

withdrawn  without  pulling  others  off  the  shelf. 
Don't  let  a  book  fall  upon  the  floor. 
Don't  pick  it  up  by  one  cover. 

Don't  lay  a  book  on  the  table  with  the  open  face  downward. 
Don't  put  anything  on  top  of  an  open  book. 
Don't  set  a  book  on  its  front  edge ;  the  binding  will  break. 
Don't  use  a  book  as  a  portfolio  to  carry  notes  and  paper  in. 
Don't  use  a  lead  pencil  for  a  book  mark. 
Don't  mark  or  mutilate  a  book. 
Don't  turn  the  corners  of  the  leaves  down. 
Don't  handle  a  book  with  dirty  hands. 
Don't  pull  a  book  off  the  shelves  by  taking  hold  of  the  top  of  the 

binding. 


CHAPTER  VI 
EQUIPMENT  AND  SUPPLIES 

Equipment. 

The  library  reading  room  should  be  well  lighted  both  by  day 
and  night.  The  north  light  is  preferable  for  day.  The  desk  light 
is  to  be  preferred  for  evening.  The  lamp  should  be  properly 
shaded  to  keep  the  direct  rays  from  the  eyes  of  the  reader.  The 
library  rooms  should  be  well  ventilated  and  heated. 

Shelving. 

The  shelving  should  be  placed  against  the  wall  spaces  of  the 
room.  If  this  space  is  not  sufficient  then  free  standing  cases  can 
be  installed.  The  cases  should  be  made  with  adjustable  shelves. 
The  cases  should  be  not  over  seven  feet  high  which  would  ac- 
commodate seven  shelves,  six  of  which  are  moveable.  The  sta- 
tionary shelf  should  be  three  or  four  inches  above  the  floor  so 
that  it  will  not  catch  all  the  dust.  The  shelves  should  be  three 
feet  long,  and  eight  inches  wide.  These  can  be  made  by  the  local 
carpenter  or  steel  cases  can  be  purchased.  The  bottom  shelves 
might  be  twelve  inches  wide  to  take  the  folio  books.  In  esti- 
mating the  capacity  of  shelving,  use  eight  books  to  the  foot  as 
a  basis.  The  current  periodicals  could  be  laid  on  their  sides  on 
the  shelves  in  one  section  devoted  to  periodical  literature,  or  a 
few  pigeon  holes  could  -be  made  for  them.  These  holes  should 

(69) 


70  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

be  12  inches  high,  10  inches  wide  and  12  inches  deep  for  the 
average  sized  periodical.  A  few  larger  ones  might  be  made  for 
the  folio  ones  like  the  Scientific  American. 

Tables  and  Chairs. 

The  size  of  tables  depends  upon  the  size  of  the  room.  Tables 
ten  feet  long  and  three  and  a  half  or  four  feet  wide  make  con- 
venient study  tables.  Such  a  table  will  accommodate  twelve  read- 
ers. Any  good  chair  will  answer  the  purpose.  Arm  chairs  take 
up  too  much  room  at  the  table.  Sheboygan  chairs,  costing  about 
$2.00  each,  have  been  found  economical  and  satisfactory. 

Librarian's  desk  and  chair- 

These  may  be  secured  thru  a  local  dealer.  The  flat-top 
desk  and  swivel  chair  would  cost  about  $25.00.  The  desk  should 
have  drawers  on  either  side  of  the  opening  in  front.  It  should 
be  placed  near  the  exit  so  that  readers  must  pass  by  the  librarian's 
desk.  In  small  libraries,  there  should  be  free  access  to  the  shelves. 
If  the  library  can  afford  it,  a  charging  desk  should  also  be  pro- 
vided. 

Supplies. 

Secure  catalogs  from  the  following  firms.  Order  by  numbers 
and  descriptions  as  given  in  the  catalogs.  Items  not  mentioned  in 
this  list  may  be  useful.  The  descriptions  and  illustrations  in  the 
catalogs  will  be  suggestive. 

Democrat  Printing  Company,  Madison,  Wisconsin ; 

Gaylord  Brothers,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. ; 

Globe  Wernicke  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ; 


EQUIPMENT  AND  SUPPLIES.  71 

Library  Bureau,  6  North  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  111. ; 
Library  of  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C.  (for  information 
on  printed  cards). 

Shaw-Walker  Co.,  Muskegon,  Mich. 

Accession  record.    2000  line  condensed  accession  book.    $3.00. 
Size  rule  with  scale  for  book  sizes.    20  cents. 
Classification.     Dewey  decimal  classification.     Abridged.     Cloth, 

$1.50. 

Card  catalog.    4  tray  catalog  case  about  $8.00. 
Catalog  cards  and  shelf  list  cards.     (6000).     If  cards  are  to  be 

written  by  hand  get  "Ruled  for  pen"  cards.     If  typewritten, 

get  unruled  cards.    Get  best  grade  of  cards  which  will  cost 

from  $1.75  to  $3.00  a  1000.    If  printed  cards  are  to  be  used 

get  not  more  than  1000  blank  cards  at  first. 
Buff  bristol  guide  cards.     200  in  thirds.     Same  size  as  catalog 

cards.    50  cents  per  100. 
Book  pockets  2000.     Printed  with  rules  for  borrowers  $2.50  to 

$4.00  a  1000. 

Book  cards  or  charging  cards.    Ruled.    75  cents  to  $1.25  a  1000. 
Charging  tray  55  cents. 

Date  guides,  1-31  in  buff  bristol  (one  set)  35  cents. 
Band  dater  and  ink  pad,  about  75  cents. 
Dennison.    Extra  gummed  labels,  plain  white.    A16  oblong.    25 

cents  to  30  cents  a  box,  containing  1000. 
Higgins.    India  ink  for  marking  labels.    25  cents  a  bottle. 
Carters'  "Koal  black  ink". 
Carters'  fast  red  ink. 

Rubber  stamp  having  name  of  the  library.    50  cents. 
Blank  slips  of  paper  3  by  5  inches  for  notes. 
White  shellac,  10  cents. 
Ammonia  5  cents. 


72  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 

Camel's  hair  brushes.  For  shellac  (l/4  inch)  and  for  paste  (^ 
inch). 

Library  paste. 

Mending  materials.    Consult  the  catalogs. 

Stationery. 

Tray  for  shelf  list.  Shelf  list  may  be  filed  in  a  part  of  the  catalog. 
It  would  be  preferable  to  have  a  drawer  for  this  purpose 
which  should  be  kept  on  the  librarian's  desk.  It  could  be 
kept  in  the  boxes  in  which  the  cards  were  received. 

Cork  pen  holders. 

Good  stub  pens. 

Covered  glass  inkwell. 

Desk  blotters. 

Hand  blotters. 

Hard  and  medium  lead  pencils. 

Best  knife  steel  eraser. 

Rubber  eraser. 

Shears. 

Flat  bone  or  ivory  paper  knife.    50  cents. 


EQUIPMENT  AND  SUPPLIES.  73 


APPENDIX. 

ABRIDGED  CLASSIFICATION 

Libraries  having  1000  volumes  and  more  should  purchase 
a  copy  of  the  abridged  decimal  classification  which  gives  many 
necessary  subdivisions  not  indicated  below. 

CLASSIFICATION 

000    General  Works. 

010    Bibliography,  (Includes  book  catalogs  of  all  kinde). 

020  Library  economy  (Includes  administration  of  libraries,  library 
reports",  bulletins,  aids  to  reading,  etc.). 

030    General  encyclopaedias,  such  as  the  New  international. 

050    General  periodicals  and  newspapers  such  as  Century  and  Harper's. 

060  General  societies,  Transactions  such  as  American  academy  of 
arts  and  science. 

070    Journalism. 

100    Philosophy. 

150    Psychology. 

200    Religion,  General  works. 

205    Periodicals. 

220    Bible  and  works  on  the  Bible. 

290    Mythology  and  non-Christian  religion. 

300     Sociology,  General  works. 

305     Periodicals. 

310  Statistics,  census  reports  and  annuals  like  world's  almanac, 
Statesman's  yearbook. 

320  Political  science,  (Includes  political  parties,  immigration,  suf- 
frage). 

330  Economics,  (Includes  capital,  labor,  banking,  money,  finance,  pro- 
tection and  free  trade,  etc.). 


74  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


340    Law. 

350    Administration  of  central  government,  of  municipal  government, 

organization  of  the  army  and  navy. 
360    Associations,   (Includes  charity,  hospitals,  prisons,  reformatories, 

etc.). 

370    Education. 
370.5    Periodicals. 

3.78    College  and  University  education. 
380    Commerce.     Domestic  and  foreign,  post  office,  canal,  river,  and 

ocean  transportation. 

390    Customs,  (Includes  books  on  women,  gypsies,  folk  lore,  etc.). 
420     English  dictionaries,  grammars,  readers. 
430    German  dictionaries,  grammars. 
440     French  dictionaries,  grammars. 
470    Latin  dictionaries. 
480     Greek  dictionaries. 

• 

500  Science,  General  works. 

505  Periodicals. 

510  Mathematics. 

511  Arithmetic. 

512  Algebra. 

513  Geometry,  trigonometry,  etc. 
520  Astronomy. 

530     Physics. 
540    Chemistry. 

550  Geology. 

570  Biology,  evolution,  ethnology. 

580  Botany. 

590  Zoology. 

610  Medicine. 

611  Anatomy. 

612  Physiology. 

613  Personal  health,  care  of  body,  recreation. 

614  Public  health. 


EQUIPMENT  AND  SUPPLIES.  75 


620  Engineering. 

630  Agriculture. 

640  Home  economics. 

650  Printing,  publishing,  bookkeeping,  shorthand,  business  manuals. 

680  Basketry,  weaving,  leather  and  woodwork,  and  amateur  manuals. 

700  Fine  arts. 

710  Landscape  gardening — parks,  towns,  drives,  etc. 

740  Drawing,  design,  decoration. 

750  Painting. 

780  Music. 

790  Amusements,  indoor,  and  out-door  sports. 

800  Literature,  General. 

808  Collections,  like  Modern  eloquence. 

810  American  literature. 

820  English  literature. 

823  (This  might  be  used  for  English  and  American  Fiction). 

828  English  and  American   authors  arranged   alphabetically  by   au- 
thors' names. 

830  German  literature. 

838  German  authors. 

840  French  literature. 

848  French  authors. 

870  Latin  literature. 

878  Latin  authors. 

880  Greek  literature. 

888  Greek  authors. 

900  History. 

905  Periodicals. 

910  Geography,  maps,  atlases. 

920  Biography,   Collected   works   such   as   Appleton's   cyclopaedia   of 
American  biography. 

921  Individual  biographies  arranged  alphabetically  by  the  name  of  the 
individual  written  about. 

930  Ancient  history  and  antiquities. 


76  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


937  History  of  Rome. 

938  History  of  Greece. 

940  History,  description  and  travels  of  Europe.    European  War. 

942  History  of  Great  Britain. 

943  History  of  Germany  and  Austria. 

944  History  of  France. 

945  History  of  Italy. 

946  History  of  Spain  and  Portugal. 

947  History  of  Russia. 

948  History  of  Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark. 

950  History  and  description  of  Asia. 

951  History  of  China. 

952  History  of  Japan. 
954  History  of  India. 
960  History  of  Africa.     . 

970  History  and  description  of  North  America. 

971  History  of  Canada. 

972  History  of  Mexico  and  Central  America,  West  Indies. 
97a  History  of  the  United  States. 

980  History  of  South  America. 

990  History  of  Australia,  Philippine  Islands. 


INDEX 

Accession  record,  31-2. 

Alphabetting  of  cards,  See  Arrangement  of  cards. 

American  Library  Association,  Book  list,  27;    Catalog,  27-8;    Catalog 

supplement,  28;    Index,  19. 
American  yearbook,  21. 
Analyticals,  catalog  cards  for,  57-60. 
Annual  eclectic  catalog,  19. 
Anonymous  books,  catalog  card  for,  54. 
Appendix  of  a  book,  12. 
Appleton's  New  practical  cyclopaedia,  18. 
Arrangement  of  cards,  63. 
Atlases,  24-5. 

Author  card,  37-44,  47-8,  57-8. 
Author  number,  See  Book  number. 
Binders,  temporary,  67. 
Binding,  11,  66-7. 
Biography,  reference  books,  24-5. 
Bliss,  New  encyclopaedia  of  social  reform,  20. 
Book,  opening  a  new,  30-1;    printed  parts  of,  12;    physical  parts  of, 

11;   text  of,  14. 
Book  buying,  30-1. 
Book  number,  34-5. 
Book  selection,  aids  in,  27-30. 
Book  sizes,  12. 
Books,  cards  for  two  bound  in  one,  47-8;    care  of,  68;    how  to  order, 

31;    preparation  for  shelves,  65-6. 
Brewer.    Dictionary  of  phrase  and  fable,  23. 
Brewer.    Historic  notebook,  24. 
Brown.    Buying  list  of  books  for  small  libraries,  28. 
Bryant.    New  library  of  poetry  and  song,  23. 
Call  number,  how  assigned,  34,  47;    on  books,  34,  65;    on  cards,  37, 

65. 

Capitals,  on  catalog  cards,  45. 
Care  of  books,  See  Books,  care  of. 
Catalog,  36,  63. 

Catalog,  order  of  cards  in,  36,  63. 
Catalog  cards,  information  on,  38,  45,  49-50. 
Cataloging,  36-62. 

Century  dictionary  and  encyclopaedia,  16-7. 
Charging  cards,  See  Loan  cards. 
Charging  system,  66. 
Children's  books,  aids  to  selection,  29-30. 
City  publications,  catalog  card  for,  44. 
Class  number,  34. 

Classiflcatioin,  33-4;    abridged  outline,  73-6. 
Collation,  for  imperfections,  31;    on  catalog  card,  49. 
Contents,  table  of,  14. 
Copyright  date,  13,  50. 
Coursault,  Dr.  J.  H..  15. 
Craig,  Pros  and  cons,  25. 
Cram's  universal  atlas,  24. 

(77) 


78  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


Cross  reference  cards,  40,  60. 

Cumulative  book  index,  29. 

Debaters'  handbook  series,  25. 

Debating,  aids  in,  25. 

Dewey.  Decimal  classification  and  relatif  index,  33. 

Dictionaries,  15-7. 

Edition,  defined,  13. 

Editor,  catalog  cards  for,  41,  46. 

Education,  reference  books,  22. 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica,  17-8. 

Encyclopaedias,  17-8. 

Fellows.    Cataloging  rules,  62. 

Fines,  66. 

Foster.    Debating  for  boys,  25. 

Furniture,  69-70. 

Gaylord  Brothers,  Catalog  of  supplies,  67-8. 

Geography,  reference  books,  24-5. 

Government  documents,  as  reference  books,  21-2;    catalog  card  for,  44. 

Guide  cards,  63. 

Guide  to  current  periodicals  and  serials  of  the  V.  8.  and  Canada,  19-20. 

Guide  to  reading  in  social  ethics,  20. 

Harper's  dictionary  of  classical  literature  and  antiquities,  24. 

Harper's  encyclopaedia  of  U.  8.  History,  24. 

Hewins.    Books  for  boys  and  girls,  30. 

History,  reference  books,  24-5. 

Hopkins.    Scientific  American  cyclopaedia  of  formulas,  22. 

Hoyt  and  Ward.    Cyclopaedia  of  practical  quotations,  23. 

Index,  defined,  14. 

Indexes,  to  periodicals,   18-9. 

Industrial  arts  index,  19. 

Information,  19,. 

Ink,  for  marking  books,  65. 

Introduction,  See  Preface. 

Johnston,  W.  G.  $  Co.,  67. 

Labels,  65. 

Lee,  Dictionaries,  15. 

Lee.    Reference  books,  17. 

Library  of  Congress  cards,  29,  62. 

Lippincott's  biographical  dictionary,  24. 

Lippincott's  new  gazetteer,  24. 

Literature,  reference  books,  23. 

Loan  cards,  32,  65-6. 

Magazines,  indexes  to,  18-9;    suggestive  list,  28-9;    temporary  binders 

for,  67-8. 
Mending,  66-7. 

Mo. — Education  dept.    Course  of  study  for  high  schools,  27. 
Mo. — Education  dept.    Course  of  study  for  rural  and  graded  schools,  27. 
Mo. — University.    Circular  of  information  to  accredited  schools,  15,  27. 
Mo. — University — Library.    Books  for  children,  30. 
Missouri  blue  book,  22. 
Missouri  red  book,  22. 


INDEX  79 


Monroe.    Cyclopedia  of  education,  22. 

Opening  a  new  book,  See  Book,  opening  a  new. 

National  congress  of  mothers.    Classified  and  graded  list,  30. 

New  international  encyclopaedia,  17. 

New  international  yearbook,  22. 

New  standard  dictionary,  16. 

Ownership  marks,  32. 

Paging,  on  catalog  cards,  49;    method  of,  14. 

Periodical  check  list,  29. 

Periodicals,  catalog  card  for,  53. 

Phelps.    Debater's  manual,  25. 

Pittsburgh — Carnegie   library.     Catalog   of   books  for   the   first   eight 

grades,  29-30. 

Pockets,  for  loan  cards,  32,  65. 
Poole's  Index,  18. 
Preface,  13. 

Printed  cards,  See  Library  of  Congress  cards. 
Pseudonym,  reference  from,  40. 
Publication  date,  13;    on  catalog  cards,  50. 
Publisher,  a  standard  of  merit,  13. 
Rand,  McNally.    Unrivalled  atlas  of  the  world,  24. 
Readers'  guide,  18;    supplement,  19. 
Reading  room,  lighting  of,  69. 
Reference  books,  defined,  15;    select  list  of,  15-25. 
Reference  cards,  See  Cross  reference  cards. 
Sections,  See  Signatures. 
Selection  of  books,  See  Book  selection. 
Series  card,  51. 
Series  note,  50. 

Shelf  list,  case  for,  72;   making  of,  35-6;    uses  of,  36. 
Shelving,  69-70. 

Shepherd.     Historical  atlas,  25. 
Signatures,  11. 

Sizes  of  books,  See  Book  Sizes. 
Society  publications,  catalog  card  for,  43. 
Sociology,  reference  books,  20. 

Standard  dictionary,  See  New  standard  dictionary. 
State  publications,  catalog  card  for,  44. 
Statesman's  year  book.  20-1. 
Statistical  abstract  of  the  U.  8.,  21. 
Statistics,  reference  books,  20-2. 

Stedman  and  Hutchinson.    Library  of  American  literature,  23. 
Subject  card,  55-6,  60. 
Subject  headings,  56. 
Supplies,  catalogs  of,  70-1;    list  of,  71-2. 
Title  card,  42,  52,  59. 
iltle  page,  13. 

Tracings  on  catalog  card,  61. 
Translator,  catalog  card  for,  46. 
U.  S. — Census  office.    Abstract  of  the  13th  census,  21. 


80  A  LIBRARY  PRIMER  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


U.  S. — Congress.    Official  congressional  directory,  21. 

U.  S. — Education  bureau.    Bulletins,  and  Reports,  22. 

U.  S. — Education  bureau.    1000  good  books  for  children,  30. 

Useful  arts,  reference  books,  22. 

Volumes,  on  catalog  cards,  49. 

Ward.    Practical  use  of  books,  14,  31. 

Warner.    Library  of  the  world's  best  literature,  23. 

Webster.    New  international  dictionary,  16. 

Who's  who  in  America,  25. 

World  almanac,  20. 

Wyer.    f7.  S.  government  documents  in  small  libraries,  21. 


ANDREW  CARNEGIE  says 

"Other  men's  brains  have  made  me  rich.  'Tis  said  I've 
more  money  than  some.  If  so,  'tis  because  I've  had  more 
courage  than  some.  I  let  the  slow-coaches  use  the  old 
machine—mine  I  chucked  into  the  scrap  heap,  quick." 

What  message  has  Mr.  Carnegie's  pronouncement  for  you?  Just  this: 
The  successful  man  promptly  utilizes  the  latest  machine,  the 
most  improved  method;  consults  the  highest  authority  and  reads  the 
latest  books.  To  be*successful  you  must  have  knowledge  and  that's 
the  reason  YOU  must  own  and  use  the 

New  International  Encyclopaedia 

24  Volumes    SECOND  EDITION    80,000  Articles 

The  only  Authoritative  Encyclopaedia,  that  is  up-to-date 

Of  this  famous  work,  more  copies  are  sold  to  schools,  libraries,  colleges 
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the  New  International  won  its  definite  place  as  an  American  institution 
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speak  with  authority  on  the  thousand  and  one  questions  that  arise  in 
the  daily  life  of  every  man  and  woman  in  this  country. 

The  Approved  Encyclopaedia  for  Accredited  High  Schools 

The  New  International  Encyclopaedia  is  The  New  International  Encyclopaedia 
new  from  cover  to  cover    Its  articles  were  has  300  doublo.pago  maps  in  colors   so 
prepared  by  highest  authorities  through- 
out the  world.  Its  treatment  of  all  subjects  inserted  that  they  can  be  removed  when 
is  absolutely  impartial.    It    devotes    to  out  of  date  and  replaced  by  new  and  cor- 
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important  articles  is  a  list  of  the  books  and    bound    in    Library    Buckram  after 

on   that  subject — a  complete  library  for  specifications  of  the   American  Library 

those.desiring  further  reading.  Association. 

Specimen  Pages  Free  on  Request 

Write  at  once  for  free  booklet  of  specimen  pages,  maps,  colored 
plates,  and  prices  and  payment  terms.  Inquiries  are  answered  and 
sets  are  shipped  from  the  Western  Branch  Office  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
When  writing  please  mention  the  Library  Primer. 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  Inc.,  Publishers 

NEW  YORK 

L.  L.  McSHANE,  Manager  Western  Branch  Office,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


from  which  It  was  borrowed 


MAR  1  7  »« 

ItAfi*  ; 


